Apistogramma Orange Flash

Cichlids – Care Guide & Aquarium Companions

Cichlids are one of the most diverse and fascinating groups of freshwater aquarium fish. They are known for their bright colours, strong personalities, intelligence and interesting breeding behaviour.

Cichlids range from small and relatively peaceful dwarf species to large, powerful and highly territorial fish. Popular varieties include Rams, Angelfish, Discus, Oscars, Severums, African Cichlids, Flowerhorns, Apistogramma and many more.

Because their requirements vary greatly between species, it is important to research the exact cichlid before adding it to an aquarium.

Aquarium Care

Tank Size:
Tank size depends heavily on the species.

Smaller dwarf cichlids may be suitable for aquariums starting around 50–75 litres, while large species such as Oscars and Flowerhorns require 250–300 litres or more.

Water Temperature:
Generally 24°C – 30°C, depending on the species.

pH Range:
Approximately 6.0 – 8.5, depending heavily on the natural habitat of the species.

South American cichlids generally prefer softer and more acidic to neutral water, while many African Rift Lake cichlids prefer harder, more alkaline conditions.

Aquarium Setup

The aquarium should be designed according to the specific type of cichlid being kept.

A suitable setup may include:

• Rocks and caves

• Driftwood

• Sand or smooth substrate

• Live or hardy plants

• Multiple hiding spaces

• Open swimming areas

• Strong filtration

• Good water circulation

• Regular water changes

Territorial species should be given plenty of separate hiding areas and visual barriers.

Feeding

Most cichlids are omnivorous or carnivorous, although some species require a more plant-based diet.

Suitable foods may include:

• High-quality cichlid pellets

• Flakes

• Brine shrimp

• Bloodworms

• Krill

• Shrimp

• Insect-based foods

• Frozen foods

• Spirulina and vegetable-based foods for suitable species

Always choose food according to the specific species.

A varied and balanced diet helps improve colour, growth and overall health.

Behaviour & Temperament

Cichlid behaviour varies greatly between species.

Some cichlids are peaceful enough for community aquariums, while others can be highly territorial and aggressive.

Aggression can become stronger during:

• Breeding

• Pair formation

• Feeding

• Territory establishment

• Competition for caves

Providing enough aquarium space and hiding areas can help reduce aggression.

Suitable Tank Companions

Tank companions must be selected according to the exact cichlid species.

Peaceful or dwarf cichlids may sometimes be kept with:

Tetras • Rasboras • Corydoras • Plecos • Rainbowfish • Peaceful Barbs and other compatible community fish

Larger cichlids should only be kept with suitably sized and robust tank companions.

Small fish, shrimp and slow-moving species should generally be avoided with large predatory cichlids because they may be attacked or eaten.

Breeding

Cichlids are well known for their fascinating breeding and parental behaviour.

Depending on the species, they may:

• Lay eggs on rocks or flat surfaces

• Spawn inside caves

• Dig breeding pits

• Guard eggs and fry

• Carry eggs or young inside their mouth

Many cichlid parents actively protect their young, which makes their breeding behaviour particularly interesting to observe.

Important Note

Cichlids should not all be treated the same. Different species can have completely different requirements for water chemistry, aquarium size, diet and tank companions.

Always identify the exact species before setting up the aquarium or selecting tank mates.

With sufficient space, excellent water quality, suitable nutrition and carefully selected companions, cichlids can be some of the most colourful, intelligent and rewarding freshwater fish to keep.